Context
The term was associated with the architects Peter and Alison Smithson in the 1950s and 1960s.
Principal characteristics
- Structure, materials and services expressed honestly
- Expressing the functional spaces and their relationship.
- simple, block-like forms and raw concrete construction
- Rough unfinished surfaces
- Unusual shapes
- Heavy-looking materials
- Massive forms
- Small windows in relation to other parts
Relevant Works

Hayward Gallery and National Theatre on London’s South Bank(1976). Denys Lasdun

Barbican Centre(1982). Chamberlin, Powell and Bon.